forward and backward

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• Forward-backward algorithm — In computer science, the forward backward algorithm, a dynamic programming algorithm for computing the probability of a particular observation sequence, given the parameters of the model, operates in the context of hidden Markov models. Overview… …   Wikipedia

• Backward wave oscillator — A backward wave oscillator (BWO), also called carcinotron (a trade name for tubes manufactured by CSF, now Thales) or backward wave tube, is a vacuum tube that is used to generate microwaves up to the terahertz range. It belongs to the traveling… …   Wikipedia

• Backward running — Backward running, also known as backwards running, running backwards, reverse running, retro running, or retro locomotion is the act of running in reverse, so that one travels in the direction one s back is facing rather than one s front. It is… …   Wikipedia

• backward — backward, retrograde, retrogressive, regressive all involve the idea of not moving or going ahead, or forward, or in advance. Only when applied to motion or a movement does backward imply the reverse of forward motion {a backward thrust of a… …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

• backward — back|ward1 [ bækwərd ] adjective * 1. ) only before noun moving or looking in the direction that is behind you: a backward glance 2. ) not developing quickly, normally, and successfully: a remote and backward region a ) OLD FASHIONED an offensive …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

• forward — 1 adverb 1 also forwards towards a place or position that is in front of you: He leaned forward slightly to try to hear what they were saying. | The crowd surged forwards. 2 towards greater progress, improvement, or development: The building of… …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

• forward dive — noun A dive in which the diver faces the water while taking off, and lands facing forward. Ant: backward dive …   Wiktionary

• Forward class — is used in India generally to denote communities and castes from any religion who do not currently qualify for Government of India Reservation benefits (that is, set quotas for political representation) for Other Backward Classes, scheduled… …   Wikipedia

• Forward chaining — is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using inference rules (in artificial intelligence). It is referred in philosophical circle as modus ponens. The opposite of forward chaining is backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the… …   Wikipedia

• Backward chaining — (or backward reasoning) is an inference method used in artificial intelligence. It is one of two methods of reasoning that uses inference rules – the other is forward chaining, also known as modus ponens. Backward chaining is implemented in logic …   Wikipedia

• Explicit and implicit methods — In applied mathematics, explicit and implicit methods are approaches used in computer simulations of physical processes, or in other words, they are numerical methods for solving time variable ordinary and partial differential equations.Explicit… …   Wikipedia